Objective: Oral iron drops are recommended for children aged 6-24 months to prevent iron- deficiency anemia. However, their use is associated with the potential risk of erosion and microhardness reduction of primary teeth enamel due to their high acidity. It seems that the combination of SILICONE OIL, nano-hydroxyapatite and chitosan powder may be able to improve the microhardness and surface structure of primary teeth enamel. This study sought to assess the effect of SILICONE OIL plus nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan on the changed microhardness and surface structure of primary teeth enamel after exposure to iron drop.Methods: In this in-vitro study, 30 anterior deciduous teeth were collected and randomly divided into 3 groups. In the first group, samples were exposed to iron drop for 5min and then treated with nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan and SILICONE OIL for 10min. In the second group, specimens were first treated with the mentioned compound and then exposed to iron drop. Microhardness changes were compared in each group using Wilcoxon one sample or Sign test and between the two groups using Mann Whitney U test. The third group specimens were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to assess their surface texture and quality.Results: In the first group, iron drop exposure decreased enamel microhardness by 44% of the baseline value (P<0.001). Application of the understudy compound after iron drop exposure significantly increased enamel microhardness by 3% of the baseline value (P=0.006). Use of the mentioned compound before iron drop exposure significantly increased enamel micro hardness by 2% of the baseline value (P=0.023). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (P=0.74).Conclusion: Iron drop exposure significantly decreased enamel microhardness. Use of SILICONE OIL and nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan powder caused 3% and 2% increase in enamel microhardness in the first and 2nd group, respectively. These values, compared to the effect of iron drop exposure are clinically significant.

Purpose: To evaluate electroretinogram (ERG) changes after SILICONE OIL removal.Methods: Scotopic and photopic ERGs, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were checked before and shortly after SILICONE OIL removal in eyes that had previously undergone vitrectomy and SILICONE OIL injection for complex retinal detachment. Preand postoperative ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes were compared.Results: Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients including 20 male and 8 female subjects with mean age of 39.3 ± 0.06 (range, 12 to 85) years were studied. Mean interval from primary vitreoretinal surgery to SILICONE OIL removal was 21.04 ± 0.52 (range, 7 to 39) months. Mean duration from SILICONE OIL removal to second ERG was 13.04 ± 1.75 (range, 10 to 16) days. Before SILICONE OIL removal, mean a-wave amplitudes in maximal combined response, rod response and cone response ERGs were 27.4 ± 19.9, 7.2 ± 4.5 and 5.5 ± 3.4 mv, respectively. These values increased to 48.8 ± 31.9, 15.1 ± 14.4 and 17.4 ± 22.2 mv, respectively after SILICONE OIL removal (P<0.001). Mean b-wave amplitudes in the same order, were 69.41 ± 51, 41.2 ± 30.4 and 25.1 ± 33.9 mv before SILICONE OIL removal, increasing to 165.6 ± 102.5, 81.7 ± 53.7 and 44.7 ± 34.1 mv respectively, after SILICONE OIL removal (P<0.001). Mean BCVA significantly improved from 1.10 ± 0.34 at baseline to 1.02 ± 0.33 logMAR after SILICONE OIL removal (P<0.001).Conclusion: The amplitudes of ERG a- and b-waves under scotopic and photopic conditions increased significantly shortly after SILICONE OIL removal. An increase in BCVA was also observed. These changes may be explained by the insulating effect of SILICONE OIL on the retina.

PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old boy had closed globe injury on the right eye with a cricket ball two years back and presented with loss of vision for the past one year. The right eye had perception of light, intraocular pressure of 32 mmHg, total cataractous lens, 210 degrees angle recession, and retinal detachment on B scan ultrasonography. The left eye was normal. . .

In this issue of the Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology, Lashay and coauthors have presented a very meticulous and instructive article on "Surgical Outcomes of Complicated Retinal Detachments using Heavy SILICONE OIL as an Internal Tamponade" (pages: 25-30). The authors have performed a complete pars plana vitrectomy, membrane peeling and injection of heavy SILICONE and endolaser in 55 eyes with complicated retinal detachment. They have obtained a significant improvement in the visual acuity of their patients (P=0.005) and claim that the functional results obtained in their study are consistent with previous reports of using heavy SILICONE OIL in similar cases.

Turbine OIL plays an important role in supporting optimal steam turbine performance. Some additives in turbine OIL can cause emulsification when the OIL is contaminated by water, so demulsibility is a very important property of the steam turbine OIL. In order to improve the demulsibility of steam turbine OIL, two kinds of polyether‐SILICONE comb copolymers are synthesized and used as steam turbine OIL demulsifiers.The polyether‐SILICONE copolymers present better demulsibility properties than the demulsifiers on the market at the present time. The influences of demulsifiers on turbine OIL‐water interfacial tension and demulsibility time were measured. All the demulsifiers obviously decrease interfacial tension and simultaneously reduced the demulsibility time. The variation tendency of interfacial tension and demulsibility time is basically consistent. The OIL‐water interfacial elastic modulus and viscous modulus were also measured as a function of strain and frequency respectively. The results showed that the demulsifiers decrease the OIL‐water interfacial elastic modulus, which was favorable to the demulsification.

Purpose: To report a case of early decomposition of retained heavy SILICONE OIL droplets.Case Report: The single highly myopic eye of a 16-year-old boy with history of scleral buckling and buckle revision developed redetachment due to inferior retinal dialysis.The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy and injection of heavy SILICONE OIL.Early emulsification of the SILICONE OIL was observed following surgery, which was removed 4 weeks later in another operation. Retained heavy SILICONE droplets lost their heavier- than-water specific gravity within 2 months together with extensive iris depigmentation, and release of pigment granules into the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity.Conclusion: This case report demonstrates that heavy SILICONE OIL droplets canundergoin vivo chemical decomposition with possible toxic effects on ocular tissues.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of SILICONE OIL injection after deep vitrectomy in infectious endophthalmitis regarding visual acuity.Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 50 cases of infectious endophthalmitis undergoing deep vitrectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: in one group SILICONE OIL was injected into the eye at the end of the operation (SILICONE group) and in the second group the eye was formed with balanced salt solution (non-SILICONE group). All patients were followed for more than six months.Results: The underlying cause of endophthalmitis was cataract surgery in 23 patients (46%), trauma in 20 patients (40%), bleb-associated endophthalmitis in 3 patients (6%), corneal graft in 2 patients (4%) and endogenous in 2 patients (4%). Mean visual acuity was 2.1 LogMAR in the SILICONE group and 4.0 LogMAR in the non-SILICONE group (p<0.0001).Conclusion: SILICONE OIL injection may be beneficial in terms of visual outcomes in deep vitrectomy for infectious endophthalmitis.

In an interventional case series, 11 aphakic eyes of 11 patients with previous vitrectomy and SILICONE OIL tamponade underwent passive SILICONE OIL removal under topical anesthesia through a single clear cornea incision with use of a side irrigating phacoemulsification irrigation cannula without performing a sclerotomy. All procedures were simple, short and uncomplicated. The only observed complication was minimal localized corneal edema the day after the procedure, which resolved within 1-2 days.Use of a side irrigating cannula permits safe and simple removal of SILICONE OIL under topical anesthesia through a single clear cornea incision without need for sclerotomy.